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Python s built-in SMTP implementation is in the Python Standard Library module smtplib, which makes it easy to do simple tasks with SMTP. In the examples that follow, the programs are designed to take several command-line arguments: the name of an SMTP server, a sender address, and one or more recipient addresses. Please use them cautiously; name only an SMTP server that you yourself run or that you know will be happy receiving your test messages, lest you wind up getting an IP address banned for sending spam! If you don t know where to find an SMTP server, you might try running a mail daemon like postfix or exim locally and then pointing these example programs at localhost. Many UNIX, Linux, and Mac OS X systems have an SMTP server like one of these already listening for connections from the local machine. Otherwise, consult your network administrator or Internet provider to obtain a proper hostname and port. Note that you usually cannot just pick a mail server at random; many store or forward mail only from certain authorized clients. So, take a look at Listing 13 1 for a very simple SMTP program! Listing 13 1. Sending E-mail with smtplib.sendmail() #!/usr/bin/env python # Basic SMTP transmission - 13 - simple.py import sys, smtplib if len(sys.argv) < 4: print "usage: %s server fromaddr toaddr [toaddr...]" % sys.argv[0] sys.exit(2) server, fromaddr, toaddrs = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3:] message = """To: %s From: %s Subject: Test Message from simple.py Hello, This is a test message sent to you from the simple.py program in Foundations of Python Network Programming. """ % (', '.join(toaddrs), fromaddr)

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Listing 9-3. Technorati Block Definition XML File < xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" > <block class="TechnoratiClass"> <providerName>Technorati</providerName> <providerUrl>http://www.technorati.com/</providerUrl> <providerLogoUrl>/content/components/icons/block.png</providerLogoUrl> <blockIconUrl>/content/components/icons/block.png</blockIconUrl> <keys> <description/> <signUpUrl>http://technorati.com/developers/apikey.html</signUpUrl> <key id="key" whenRequired="save"> <name>API Key</name> <notes/> </key> </keys> <operations> <operation name="getSearchResults" callMode="auto"> <description>Blog posts featuring a given keyword or phrase(Items Only) Returned in RSS format.</description> <inputs> <input name="query" required="true" type="string"> <description>Set this to the words you are searching for.</description> <defaultValue>Popfly</defaultValue> <constraints/> </input> </inputs> <outputs> <output isArray="true" type="custom" object="RSSItem"/> </outputs> </operation> </operations> <objects> <object name="RSSItem"> <field name="title" type="title" isArray="false"/> <field name="link" type="url" isArray="false"/> <field name="description" type="description" isArray="false"/> <field name="source" type="string" isArray="false"/> <field name="sourceLink" type="url" isArray="false"/> <field name="author" type="name" isArray="false"/> <field name="tags" type="string" isArray="false"/> <field name="comments" type="string" isArray="false"/>

Qt has a naming scheme that is recommended because it makes it easier to guess names of classes and methods. All elements use CamelCasing; that is, each new word starts with a capital letter, like this: ThisIsAnExample. Class names start with an uppercase letter, Qt classes are prefixed with a Q. This is an example of a Qt class: QMessageBox, and this is another class: MyClass. A class prefixed by a Q and a set of lowercase letters is a third-party Qt class; for example: QjColorPicker. When using a Qt class, make sure to include the header file with the same name as the class (this is case sensitive on most platforms) without any file extension (for example, the class QMessageBox is included by #include <QMessageBox>). Method names start with lowercase letters (for example, thisIsAMethod). Getter and setter methods are named foo and setFoo, respectively. If there is a signal that reflects a change in foo, it is usually called fooChanged. In the example here, foo is called a property. Regarding signals and slots: setters are natural candidates for slots and also a good place for emitting signals concerning changes. If you emit such a signal, make sure to check that the setter receives a new value, not the same value. Doing so avoids infinite recursion loops.

s = smtplib.SMTP(server) s.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, message) print "Message successfully sent to %d recipient(s)" % len(toaddrs) This program is quite simple, because it uses a very powerful and general function from inside the Standard Library. It starts by generating a simple message from the user s command-line arguments (for details on generating fancier messages that contain elements beyond simple plain text, see 12). Then it creates an smtplib.SMTP object that connects to the specified server. Finally, all that s required is a call to sendmail(). If that returns successfully, then you know that the message was sent. As was promised in the earlier sections of this chapter, you can see that the idea of who receives the message the envelope recipient is, down at this level, separate from the actual text of the message. This particular program writes a To header that happens to contain the same addresses to which it is sending the message; but the To header is just a piece of text, and could instead say anything else instead. (Whether that anything else would be willingly displayed by the recipient s e-mail client, or cause a server along the way to discard the message as spam, is another question!) When you run the program, it will look like this: $ ./simple.py localhost sender@example.com recipient@example.com Message successfully sent to 2 recipient(s) Thanks to the hard work that the authors of the Python Standard Library have put into the sendmail() method, it might be the only SMTP call you ever need! But to understand the steps that it is taking under the hood to get your message delivered, let s delve in more detail into how SMTP works.

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