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Finally, we reach the topic of Authenticated SMTP, where your ISP, university, or company e-mail server needs you to log in with a username and password to prove that you are not a spammer before they allow you to send e-mail. For maximum security, TLS should be used in conjunction with authentication; otherwise your password (and username, for that matter) will be visible to anyone observing the connection. The proper way to do this is to establish the TLS connection first, and then send your authentication information only over the encrypted communications channel. But using authentication itself is simple; smtplib provides a login() function that takes a username and a password. Listing 13 6 shows an example. To avoid repeating code already shown in previous listings, this listing does not take the advice of the previous paragraph, and sends the username and password over an un-authenticated connection that will send them in the clear. Listing 13 6. Authenticating over SMTP #!/usr/bin/env python # SMTP transmission with authentication - 13 - login.py import sys, smtplib, socket from getpass import getpass if len(sys.argv) < 4: print "Syntax: %s server fromaddr toaddr [toaddr...]" % sys.argv[0] sys.exit(2) server, fromaddr, toaddrs = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3:] message = """To: %s From: %s Subject: Test Message from simple.py Hello, This is a test message sent to you from the login.py program in Foundations of Python Network Programming. """ % (', '.join(toaddrs), fromaddr) sys.stdout.write("Enter username: ")

All the slot does is show a message box with the link string (see Figure 9-9). Here, you can add code to interpret the given string and then take the appropriate action instead of just showing a message box.

After the operation has been inserted, you can gain further information about it, like the parameters that it requires, by typing the opening parenthesis (see Figure 10-7). In this case, the getXml operation is shown to have four parameters.

username = sys.stdin.readline().strip() password = getpass("Enter password: ") try: s = smtplib.SMTP(server) try: s.login(username, password) except smtplib.SMTPException, e: print "Authentication failed:", e sys.exit(1) s.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddrs, message) except (socket.gaierror, socket.error, socket.herror, smtplib.SMTPException), e: print " *** Your message may not have been sent!" print e sys.exit(1) else: print "Message successfully sent to %d recipient(s)" % len(toaddrs) Most outgoing e-mail servers on the Internet do not support authentication. If you are using a server that does not support authentication, you will receive an Authentication failed error message from the login() attempt. You can prevent that by checking s.has_extn('auth') after calling s.ehlo() if the remote server supports ESMTP. You can run this program just like the previous examples. If you run it with a server that does support authentication, you will be prompted for a username and password. If they are accepted, then the program will proceed to transmit your message.

Status bars, which are usually found at the bottom of application windows, are often used to display temporary messages as well as information about working modes, location in the current document, size of the current file, and so on. The information shown is very dependent on the application type, but it is information that is useful to the user. The status bar is represented by a QStatusBar widget. When you use a status bar in a main window you can get a reference to the status bar object with the statusBar() method. The first time you call the method a status bar is created, whereas consecutive calls simply return a pointer to the bar. The most common use of the status bar is to show messages such as "Loading", "Saving", "Ready", "Done", and so on. These messages are shown using the showMessage(const QString&, int) method. For example, the following line shows the message text "Ready" for two seconds (see Figure 9-10): statusBar->showMessage( tr("Ready"), 2000 );

Figure 9-10. A status bar showing a temporary message The time given to showMessage is specified in milliseconds (multiply the time in seconds by 1000 to get the time in milliseconds). If you call showMessage without specifying a time or specifying a time of zero milliseconds, the message is shown until you replace the message by calling showMessage or until you call clearMessage() to remove the message. When not used for status messages, the status bar can contain a set of widgets. The usual use for these widgets is to provide the user with information that is useful to have at hand at all times. Widgets can be added to the status bar as normal or permanent. The difference is that normal widgets are covered by messages, whereas permanent widgets are always shown. The widgets are added from left to right, but permanent widgets always appear to the right of normal widgets.

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